Villains of the Christian Bible

In the first half of the ancient epic of Beowulf, the eponymous protagonist portrays the traditional and conventional ideals of a morally righteous hero: good, seemingly fearless, bold and daring, loyal to his nation, strong in body and spirit, and willing to become a martyr for justice. As a king in the latter portions of the epic, Beowulf is also ideal. Beowulf is a great warrior himself, and thus could be respected without reservations by his greatest soldiers. Beowulf’s reputation as a warrior preserved the peace in his own country.Most importantly, Beowulf is a hero-king, willing to sacrifice himself for the sake of his country (as he did in his fight with the dragon). He was also one to avenge unjust deaths. He is willing to risk himself for what he believes to be moral, good, and just. Part of Beowulf’s heroism also lies in his adherence to his moral code, which is strongly tied to his religious convictions. However, Beowulf’s morals and values might not s eem as such from a modern perspective, because Beowulf’s morals and values are strongly tied to the mixed Christian and pagan ideals of the time.There are many references to religion (and thus morality) in the epic. It has strong Christian elements, such as the description of Grendel’s mother as having descended from Cain, one of the early villains of the Christian Bible. However, the epic also has a generous helping of pagan concepts. Beowulf frequently calls upon God, but also speaks of Wyrd, the â€Å"ruler of all. † Pagan practices, such as cremation and drinking of blood, are also depicted. From a modern perspective, Beowulf is a pagan tale with some Christian aspects.

Child Sexual Abuse and Father Flynn

Catherine Pierce Dr. Lyon English Composition 10 October 2012 Guilty Conscience It’s safe to say that the Catholic Church does not have the best reputation when it comes to sexual harassment and child molestation accusations. Cases such as these have been coming up for years but all seem to have similar outcomes. The priest typically gets a slap on the wrist, gets moved to another parish, and the issue is never spoken of again.In some of the more controversial cases, the priest is removed from the priesthood simply to get his name away from any association with the church because the church is known to do anything it can to cover up such accusations and rumors. This is no different for Father Flynn in the book Doubt, where he is accused of making sexual advances on an eighth grade boy that attends the school that he works in. He is accused by the principle of the school, Sister Aloysius, who is convinced he is guilty of giving the young boy wine from the sacristy and making in appropriate advances on him after doing so.Sister Aloysius may not have real evidence but based on Father Flynn’s behavior, his interest in boys with little to no friends, and his guilty conscience, it is easy to see that he is in fact guilty. Father Flynn, on the outside, seems like a very caring man that wants nothing more than to make everyone in his community feel welcome and comfortable. This would be all well and good if his behavior around the young boys did not so closely resemble that of a pedophile. Pedophiles typically gain the trust of their victims which is exactly what Father Flynn does with the eighth grade boys that he coaches in basketball.He likes to have bull sessions with the boys inside the rectory and talk to them as if he is one of them. They are also said to have a good standing within their community which he clearly has since he is the communities priest (Ruggles). Father Flynn is very good at making the boys feel comfortable around him, especially w hen he talks to them about things such as getting girls to like them. In Act III, he says to the whole basketball team, â€Å"You try to talk to a girl with those filthy paws, Mr. Conroy, she’s going to take off like she’s being chased by the Red Chinese! † (Shanley 16).He likes to joke around with the boys to make them feel comfortable around him and to make himself seem more relatable. This is not exactly the behavior that someone in his position during that time should have with young boys. He should be much more authoritative and guiding since he is a clergyman. Another component to Father Flynn’s guilt in the fact that he chooses the young boys that do not have many friends to have a deeper connection with. Father Flynn sees that Donald Muller is very isolated from the other kids that attend the school because he is the first and only African American child to go there.In Act VIII, Father Flynn says to Sister Aloysius, â€Å"I am trying to do good! † (Shanley 51). One of the number one characteristics of a pedophile is that they will try to â€Å"court† the children and lavish attention and concern for their well-being upon them (Pedophilia). He has it in his mind that by showing this extra attention to the boy that has no friends, that he is actually doing a good deed. He shows extra attention towards Donald because he is vulnerable and does not have friends to turn to in order to explain his problems to.Father Flynn also knows that Donald has a troubled home life and is beaten by his father. He sees this as an excuse for Donald’s behavior instead of the obvious fact that he has been sexually abused. The third and final reason that proves Father Flynn’s guilt is the fact that he became overly defensive when Sister Aloysius told him that she had gotten in contact with one of the former nuns that he worked with at his previous parish. Father Flynn has an extremely guilty conscience in this case becaus e he becomes frustrated when Sister Aloysius did not go straight to the Pastor of that parish.He says to her in Act VIII when he realizes she spoke to a nun, â€Å"That’s not the proper route for you to have taken, Sister! The Church is clear. You’re supposed to go through the pastor. † (Shanley 53). Father Flynn sees that Sister Aloysius has not followed the typical protocol of finding out information about his past which makes him nervous because he knows that a nun would know the real story. He knows that a nun would not be allowed to say anything that pertained to the case but he also knows that she would be honest with a fellow sister like Sister Aloysius. It is known hat when a priest has been accused of molestation or rape, the church has been very adamant about covering it up and being very easy on the accused clergyman. ABCNews. com posted a story about a Boston priest that was repeatedly accused of molesting children over a 30 year period. The site was quoted as saying the priest, â€Å"was treated leniently and sympathetically by the highest officials in the Boston Archdiocese, who continually re-assigned him as a parish priest. † (Claiborne). Since Sister Aloysius did not go to the higher authority, Father Flynn knows that this fellow nun would not lie and that she would tell her everything.Many skeptics and people that are taking Father Flynn’s side will and say that he is a genuine man that cares for the children of his parish and only wants what is best for them. This can easily be refuted by simply talking about his discussion with Sister Aloysius and how as soon as he found out that she supposedly spoke to another nun, he called for a transfer like she told him to. He has an extremely guilty conscience because he knows that the nun from his former parish know what he did.Although it may seem that Father Flynn is just trying to show everyone the compassion they deserve, his behavior resembles that of a pedophi le much too closely and he seems to shows even more interest in the boys that don’t have friends. If Father Flynn was an innocent man he would have fought harder for himself instead of believing Sister Aloysius when she said she spoke to another nun and leaving their parish. After compiling all the evidence against him, it would be hard for anyone to disagree with the fact that Father Flynn is indeed a guilty man. Work Cited Shanley, John Patrick. Doubt.New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2005. Print. Ruggles, Tammy L. â€Å"Profile of a Pedophile. †Ã‚  MHMatters. N. p. , 13 Feb. 2009. Web. 3 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Pedophilia and Child Sexual Molestation. †Ã‚  Pedophilia and Child Sexual Molestation. PSC, n. d. Web. 3 Oct. 2012. . Claiborne, Ron. â€Å"Pedophile Priest Protected by Church. †Ã‚  ABC News. ABC News Network, 23 Jan. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. .

Examples Of Green Technology Methods Environmental Sciences Essay

Green engineering is a continuously germinating group of methods of utilizing stuffs that are being disposed of and recycling them to be used for other things that will non harm the environment. Building stuffs and landscape gardening are merely a twosome of things that can be done with waste stuffs. Thingss that can be recycled so that we can recycle them for bring forthing energy to nontoxic cleansing merchandises and other non-harmful things-things that could/can be harmful to our planet, ozone, and environment. We need to happen things that we can make to assist clean up our environment and planet before we wholly destruct what is left of it. By utilizing green engineering, we can â€Å" [ meet ] the demands of society in ways that will go on indefinitely into the hereafter and without damaging or consuming natural resources. † ( Green engineering, 2010 ) Examples of green engineering are energy, green edifice, environmentally preferable buying, green chemical science, and green nanotechnology. All of these resources can maintain our planet clean and we will be able to recycle cleverly. We will be able to utilize, so re-use, as needed. As we build and use, we will be able to rupture down what we have built and recycle the waste for other things. Harmonizing to Green-technology.org, here are the definitions of the illustrations from above: Energy – the development of alternate fuels, new agencies of bring forthing energy and energy efficiency. Green constructing – encompasses everything from the pick of edifice stuffs to where a edifice is located. Environmentally Preferred Purchasing ( EPP ) – authorities invention that involves the hunt for merchandises whose contents and methods of production have the smallest possible impact on the environment and mandates that these be the preferable merchandises for authorities buying. Green-chemistry – the innovation, design, and application of chemical merchandises and procedures to cut down or extinguish the usage and coevals of risky substances. Green nanotechnology – the application of green chemical science and green technology principals in the field of use of stuffs at the graduated table of the nanometre ( one billionth of a metre ) . Green energy is the usage of alternate energy other than gasolene. One such option is ethanol and maize fuels. These burn cleaner than gas and, in today ‘s cars these fuels even provide greater fuel milage. This has been a concern of consumers for a long clip. However, in older theoretical account autos, these types of fuels do non work and dry out piston rings but auto makers are rectifying this and planing autos to run on ethyl alcohol and maize fuels. This engineering is already being used today. Even battery powered autos are on the roads ; autos that do n't utilize any type of fuel except battery power. This is another signifier of green engineering. Solar heat and power are another signifier of energy that is â€Å" green † . Solar heat can be captured to heat H2O. This type of energy is already being implemented in the universe today. Solar panels capture the Sun ‘s heat and this is used to heat H2O plus used for power to run visible radiations in places. Some places are wholly powered by solar panels as are prototype solar autos. Even geothermic energy is used in certain geographical countries of the universe to run generators by steam. Wind power besides runs many points, including places that would usually trust on electricity to power visible radiations, contraptions, etc. â€Å" ManyaˆÂ ¦fields of air current turbines are being built in countries of the universe to take advantage of changeless air currents to supply economical and sustainable energy. † ( EzineArticles, 2010, parity. 4 ) Another beginning of green energy would be the usage of a Magnetic Power Generator ( MPG ) . This would bring forth free energy indefinitely and power a whole house. This device would non be much to build-not 1000s of dollars-and if you are a â€Å" make it yourself † type of individual, you could do one for reasonably inexpensive. Harmonizing to Greendepot.com, â€Å" Green edifice patterns, every bit good as the choice of the appropriate edifice stuffs, revolve around a few basic rules of scientific discipline. † ( Greendepot, 2010 ) . Using recycled stuffs to construct will ensue in a wholly â€Å" green † edifice with all parts of the edifice arising from recycled stuff from the floor to the walls, ceilings, cabinets, and even furniture can be made from recycled stuff and when old, can be recycled once more. Not merely can we construct from recycled stuffs but we can make merely about anything with those stuffs from constructing places to landscaping. One stuff that is being used for place edifice is called Durisol. These are â€Å" hollow-core blocks [ that ] are made from mineralized wood shaves and Portland cement, stacked into walls so finished with reenforcing steel and concrete. † ( Greendepot, 2010 ) Environmentally Preferable Purchasing ( EPP ) helps the federal authorities â€Å" purchase green † and uses the authorities ‘s purchasing power â€Å" to excite market demand for green merchandises and services. † ( epa.gov, 2010 ) It helps bureaus within the federal authorities comply with green demands and bureaus are directed by federal jurisprudence and such to buy things with the environment in head. The EPA created the EPP in 1993 to assist run into the already mentioned demands. Green chemical science reduces or eliminates the usage of risky substances. It â€Å" applies across the life rhythm of a chemical merchandise, including its design, industry, and usage † ( epa.gov, 2010 ) It reduces or eliminates negative environmental impact and is an effectual attack to pollution bar because it applies solutions to environmental jobs and state of affairss. The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry was originally published by Paul Anastas and John Warner in Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice ( Oxford University Press: New York, 1998 ) and provides a usher for chemists to implement Green Technology † ( epa.org, 2010 ) . The 12 rules are as follows: Prevention Atom Economy Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis Planing Safer Chemicals Safer Solvents and Aides Design for Energy Efficiency Use of Reusable Feedstock Reduce Derived functions Catalysis Design for Degradation Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accidental Prevention ( Anastas, P.T ; Warner, J.C. ; Green, 1998 ) Presently, China is a universe leader in the industry of solar panels and research into C gaining control, the procedure of firing coal while non breathing nursery gases. This state is supplying a theoretical account of how states should further a green economic system. ( RONAN McGREEVY.A ( 2010, A NovemberA 13 ) Nanotechnology is defined as â€Å" the art and scientific discipline of pull stringsing affair at the nanoscale to make new and alone merchandises and stuffs. † ( Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 2010 ) . The nanoscale is the graduated table of atoms and molecules. As merchandises are made utilizing the nanometer-scale, there is a turning demand for this engineering to assist clean up the environment by cut downing pollution and seeking to bring forth a cleaner environment and economic system. It is easier than we may believe. Experiments with nanotechnology are go oning all the clip. Using this nanotechnology, scientific discipline has been experimenting on all types of things. From utilizing DNA molecules in procedures to constructing nanoscale forms on Si french friess and other surfaces to publish things ( versus lithography ) to taking arsenic in a solution base and by being able to â€Å" observe pollutants at the degree of parts per billion. † ( Project on Emerging Technology – nano ( 2007, April 26 ) . Nanotechnology has opened assuring paths to bettering and take downing the cost of fuel cells and is tilting toward tools for taking toxic and risky stuffs in waste sites. This sort of engineering is indispensable if we are traveling to clean up our planet and it is a turning engineering to be certain and, harmonizing to Lux Research, in 2005, more than $ 30 billion in nanotech merchandises were sold globally. This figure is estimated to turn to $ 2.6 trillion by the twelvemonth 2014. Green engineering is an every-growing engineering to happen what is best for our planet and its continued endurance and development. We can non go on down the way we started on old ages and old ages ago or we will non hold a planet that will prolong life. Using green engineering will let us to clean up our rivers, lakes and waterways every bit good as our environment. Recycling is one manner to make this. Not merely does this aid us use godforsaken stuffs but it keeps these waste stuffs out of mopess and landfills. Even contraptions are traveling green. A stopper, developed by 2 brothers, called the GreenPlug, plugs into a normal wall mercantile establishment, between the wall and the contraption, and stops extra power to the contraption. It stops the flow of fresh energy to the contraption therefore salvaging on energy and power. The GreenPlug helps contraptions cut down on the sum of energy that they consume and it will add to the life of older contraptions every bit good. There are hopes that green engineering can jumpstart the economic system which has been neglecting and fighting. By implementing green engineering, it is traveling to be â€Å" the following planetary occupation and wealth creative activity engine. † ( McNally, S. , 2009 ) But green engineering has a long manner to travel before it can go a key in the economic system. It has non been around long plenty to do an consequence as yet. Green engineering is still so new that it is traveling to take a long piece before it will set any sort of dent in the recession we are presently in. It is traveling to take a batch of enterprise on the parts of companies ; both little and big. Green engineering will more than probably come foremost to the wellness and transit sector as both are made more efficient by authoritiess. The economic downswing makes companies more susceptible to alter and alter, like green engineering, will likely be embraced rapidly because of the openness for alteration that is presently felt all over the universe. There are so many ways that we have already begun to utilize this engineering. The postal service in Key West, Florida, for illustration, has begun utilizing electric bringing carts alternatively of cars. Not merely the postal service but other authorities bureaus as good are seeking to do transit eco-friendly. Other countries are seeing solar power as an option to electricity. There are solar powered places, concerns, and merely late, electronics are going solar powered. Like the universe ‘s first solar powered keyboard made my Logitech. It is besides wireless which means it can be wholly recharged merely by seting it in the Sun or any other light beginning. Every portion of the keyboard, including the packaging, is reclaimable doing the first â€Å" green † keyboard. As we continue to germinate, so does the universe around us. In order for this universe and planet to acquire cleaned up, we need to maintain experimenting with the things that will finally do this universe cleansing agent and better. All the cleaning up in the universe makes no difference if we do non hold a program to â€Å" turn green † and do things eco-friendly. We will ever hold some kind of solid waste but even some of that can be turned into something that is useable and reclaimable. Even sewerage can be used as a agency of a heat beginning. Cleaning up our planet is of the extreme importance and happening new manner to make that can be done. Recycling and e-cycling demand to be of import and we need to prosecute and go on to prosecute every avenue until this planet goes wholly green. That is our hereafter ; our end. Social consciousness about the demand for cleaner, environmentally-friendly merchandises and services is important if we are to clean up our environment. Academically, green engineering demands to be taught to our kids every bit good as larning about it ourselves. It should be compulsory that our kids be taught ; non merely our simple kids but college pupils as good. â€Å" The industrial section demands to be pushed frontward to come out with more environment-friendly production and ingestion procedures. Assorted inducements need to be given to the industrial sector, which is ready to introduce and implement green engineering. † ( Green engineering is the hereafter at large.A ( 2010, A NovemberA 14 ) . Businesss need to â€Å" adult male up † and do their portion as good by traveling green and holding their employees do the same and give inducements for making so. We all have to get down someplace and the large and little concerns need to make their portion excessively. By recycling merchandises that we use every twenty-four hours, we come closer to turning our environment viridity and cleaning up our universe. Other states need to cognize this engineering and demand to implement it. Without the engineering, we will necessarily stop up destructing ourselves and our planet. Traveling green with green engineering is the lone feasible decision.

Constructivism learning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constructivism learning - Research Paper Example Constructivism allows the learners to participate actively in the learning process as they get the opportunity to share what they think of a topic. Unlike in the traditional method of learning where the teacher gives all the information to the students, constructivism allows the students to ask questions and even discuss amongst themselves. They relate what they learn with their experiences and relationships and develop a clear understanding of themselves and what they learn.Discussing with each other also makes it easy to understand what they learn. The mode of learning also provides a platform where the students can ask the teacher questions in case they do not understand a concept. Constructivism also helps students to develop a high self-esteem because the teachers believe in their ability to gain and interpret knowledge. The traditional method of learning only allowed students to believe what the teacher taught them without any question. The students believed that what the teach er taught them was the final word, and they were not allowed to debate about it, regardless of whether they knew it was wrong. Constructivism, however, gives the learners a chance question what they learn and even develop new concepts that suit them. They do this by researching widely in the libraries or on the internet. Constructivism ensures that all the students are treated in a fair manner. It encourages all the students to participate in learning, regardless of whether they are sure about the topic of discussion or not.

A comparison of the communities in THE BELL by Iris Murdoch and THE Essay

A comparison of the communities in THE BELL by Iris Murdoch and THE SPIRE by William Golding - Essay Example Officially known as Sir William Gerard Golding, the author of The Spire was a prize winning British novelist who had written the famous novel titled Lord of the Flies. Little known facts about this author include his tenure in the war as well as his love for animals. Apart from the Booker Prize, Golding was famous for creating stories with people who were different in their very approach to life. He was also one of the few authors who supported the cause of Popular Science by openly subscribing to the belief system portrayed by Lock Ness Monster. (ww.wikipedia.com) Golding’s novels are a departure from the tried and tested in the sense that he portrays specific elements of what those states of being that most people may not ordinarily pay attention to. In his book, The Spire, Golding has told a deep and enchanting story of a spire waiting to be built. The Dean of the Cathedral, Jocelin, is a man of great conviction and even greater mysteries. This book is set in the times where religious fervour played a special role in people’s lives as far as their lifestyle and preferences were concerned. With the backdrop of such a setting, Golding tells the story of Jocelin and the spire he wants to built by tracing it in the form a journey that Jocelin embarks upon in order to indulge in unintentional soul searching as he follows a vision that he believes to have come to him from none other than the original source of existence – God. While his sometimes feverish pitch scares people, he also manages to spread a good amount of knowledge and enlightenment in an era when deviation from certain set theories regarding the Almighty and human beings, was shunned and avoided like the plague. With his bold ideas for following the vision, Jocelin becomes a visionary and paves the way for many changes and especially for the successful building and development of the spire which heralds his success as God’s own. In doing so,

Trade agreements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trade agreements - Essay Example It is also seen that in the context of EU, the aspects of consistency are important. The relationships of EU with its trading partners, Africa needs to be seen in the larger context of consistency. This is because the EU cannot afford to have one set of rules at one point of time and a different set at another. There are around 79 countries in the ACP membership list (African Caribbean Pacific list) and have been the beneficiaries of favored treatment for special access to European markets. (The EU in the world the foreign policy of the European Union 2007). The main problem is that African Nation is having a fear that it brings back that EU colonial system in the country. They are thinking that it will limit their development and would compromise their sovereignty. European Union is of the view that it will promote development in science and technology results in mutual benefit. Relation between both nations will help to facilitate Africa into world economy by promoting growth and investment. It provides provision for social and cultural cooperation and financial assistance. However, this is all with a return bargain that the EU goods shall be allowed to enter the ACP countries at lowered tariffs, and shall enjoy being the destination point for the goods of EU in these countries. This lowering of tariff of imported goods hurts the local economy since now imported goods would vie with local goods which, apparently would be highly priced in the local markets. The consumers would opt for cheaper imported goods and thus local industry would have no option but to stagnate, without government protection and subsidies. However, the main advantages of trade agreements is that the economy would become more competitive and , in the current globalised setting , it would be constrained to improve on all aspects- quality, quantity, pricing , servicing and customer retention. "The most important element of the bilateral agreement remains the establishment of a FTA between the EU and South Africa." (Drew 2000). The aspects of government subsidies and grants to local products could be seen in the larger context of protectionist measures intended to alleviate the onslaught of competitive products, and to create revenue generations for the Government. In the long run, agricultural subsidies and grants to farmers, especially in the ACP countries, do more harm than good, and could have long term deleterious effects on the governmental proceedings. In the African context, it is seen that their problem is not in terms of having market access to European markets but in having a volume of goods and services to be exported, in terms of bulk, and at reasonable prices caused by achieving economies of large-scale operations. When volume content is not available, the ACP would not be able to make competitive inroads into other export markets and this forms the nucleas of the problem over time. "The EPAs are thus meant to change the relationship between Europe and Africa, from one built on preferential ta riffs - an eroding lifeline - to one that builds lasting and more efficient markets for Africa." (Neroth 2007).The main disadvantages of the Trade Agreements could be seen in terms of the fact that the World Trade Organizations has ruled that all countries in a bloc need to be equally treated in trade and no preferential treatment could be accorded. "The EU and ACP have been granted a

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film Analysis - Essay Example Other, preferably due to the desire to achieve their ambitions and goals in life, overlook the advices and warnings they receive in their day-to-day life, causing suffering to themselves and their families – they fail to shine. The film actual meaning is so twisted and open for a number of interpretations. The film heavily employs symmetry to evoke the mind of the audience in an interactive manner. To convey the intended messages, symmetry is heavily employed. Images, events, and characters in the film appear in twins and doubles. Additionally, in both scene-to-scene and person-to- person dialogue is increasingly repeated throughout the film. During the caretaker interview, Stutart Ullman, the manager of Overlook hotel informs Jack Torrance the probability of contacting cabin fever and that his family would be snowbound throughout winter. In addition, Jack Torrance is told of a former caretaker – Charles Grady who contacted cabin fever, went insane, and killed his two d aughters, his wife, and himself. Stutart Ullman to Jack Torrance about Charles Grady â€Å"†¦killed his family with an axe. ... Ullman but opts to overlook the warning and hence failing to shine as he previously thought when he accepted caretaker position to reshape his life (Crewe). We see Jack progressing deep and deep in the wilderness with his Volkswagen, an implication of a dark future ahead of him. The lighting in this scene is dark. The double effect in the film is evident upon Jack’s family arrival at the Overlook hotel when Danny encounters Dick Hallorann, the hotel’s head chef who realizes that Danny is a psychic just like him. Danny Torrance and Dick Hallorann are able to communicate mentally or telepathically. Dick Hallorann communicates with Danny telepathically and gives Danny a chocolate. Hallorann explains to Danny that he would communicate with his grandmother in a similar way. The ability to communicate telepathically is the ‘Shining’ gift possessed by Danny and Dick Hallorann in the film. The representation of most scenes between Danny and Dick in the film uses br ight lighting. This is arguably an implication that Danny is able to learn from Dick the bad things that have happened in the hotel in the past and that he has to rely on the shining talent to survive. Through the shining talent, Dick who is in Florida is able to learn of what is happening in Overlook hotel and comes to rescue Wendy and Jack. Other scenes in the novel duplicate as a result of the mirroring effect. One of the reflections with a moral lesson in the film is that of the encounter of Jack Torrance with a beautiful woman in the hotel room 237. When Danny claims to have encountered a weird woman in room 237, Wendy request Jack to explore the room. In his exploration of room 237, Jack sees a beautiful woman who he starts to kiss. However, Jack pulls back horrified when he sees the mirror

Finance & Public Expenditure in Scotland Since Devolution Essay

Finance & Public Expenditure in Scotland Since Devolution - Essay Example As an after effect of the constitutional change in UK, the distribution of revenue throughout the regional and territorial government in relation to its corresponding public expenditure was greatly affected. (McLean, 2003) In order to minimize and prevent an unfair distribution of UK revenue among the Enlish and British territories such as the Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, the need to examine the Barnett and the traditional Goschen formula used in the allocation of money to its corresponding territories arises. In line with the increasing concern over the use of Barnett and Goschen formula in the United Kingdom, the researcher will first conduct an in-depth analytical research study on the budgetary, financial arrangements, and public expenditure of Scotland including the impact of devolution over its finances. In the process, the researcher will discuss a brief history behind Scotland’s financial arrangements prior to devolution in 1999 including the application of the Goschen formula. The researcher will also provide an analytical description of the Barnett formula since its inception back in 1978 and subsequent revival in 1992. Eventually, the researcher will examine the strength and weaknesses of using the Barnett formula versus the Goschen formula. As stated in the third edition of the Statement of Funding Policy that was published by the Treasury back in July 2002, the financial arrangement between the United Kingdom and the Administration in Scotland follows the conventions for Scotland way back before the devolution. (Scotland Office, n.d.) Using the public expenditure framework controlled by the UK government, the HM Treasury allocates budget for the public expenditure of U.K., Scottish Executive, and Northern Ireland. The devolved Scotland administration normally receives a block grant. There are legally two components under a block grant known as the: (a) redistributed national non-domestic rates (NNDR); and (b) the Revenue Support

Martin Luther King's Letter from a Birmingham Jail Research Paper

Martin Luther King's Letter from a Birmingham Jail - Research Paper Example After the postponement of the march for three times, which was intended by Martin Luther King and other civil rights activists and various other senior members of Birmingham's economic community, it was executed on 12th April in 1963 in Washington (Flora & Et. Al., 2002). In this march he offered ‘one of the most famous speeches in American History’ titled as â€Å"I have a dream† that apparently and most certainly was against the segregation ordinances of the then government and thus was considered to be illegal and violent (Ross, 1963). Understanding that the speech shall result into severe violations of the government rules and therefore it was decided to imprison Martin Luther King and other superiors of Birmingham economic community engaged with the execution of the march (Sanders, 2007). In his 8 days of imprisonment, Martin Luther King wrote his famous â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†. The letter was addressed to the ‘clergymen’ of Birmingham which was promptly published by the then most renowned newspapers and magazines being smuggled out of the jail (Flora & Et. Al., 2002). The letter demonstrated the segregated life of black citizens in Birmingham highlighting the differences enacted by the white ministers in the daily life of the nation. It apparently focused on the issue indicating what the ‘whites’ had achieved and what the ‘blacks’ did not. In its core substance the letter indicated to both, the ministry of Birmingham and the Christian as well as the Jewish community of the state. This can be well identified from the statements of Martin Luther King in his letter, â€Å"My Dear Fellow Clergymen† and â€Å"I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers† (King, 1963). T o his verdict of breaking the laws enforced by the then ministry of Birmingham, Martin Luther King Jr. provided with a brief and subtle explanation that was again targeted towards the racial discrimination between whites and blacks or ‘Negroes’. He stated that his main motive was not to be against the laws enforced by the government, but disagree with the ‘unjust’ laws which were not in the favor of human personality. In the words of King (1963), â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws†¦there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Thus it is that I can urge men to obey the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, for it is morally right; and I can urge them to disobey segregation ordinances, for they are morally wrong†. His argument regarding his act of breaking the

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Essay

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) - Essay Example It is, however, not far from criticisms. The major problem with the RCRA is that the implementation of RCRA rules and regulations requires huge amount of paper work which sometimes become quite frustrating for the corporate managers Introduction The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act was enacted in 1976. This act was introduced as an amendment to the then existing Solid Waste Disposal Act. Household as well as hazardous solid wastes are regulated by RCRA. Since its initiation, this act has been amended by a number of times. The years which experienced amendments to this act are 1978, 1980, 1984, 1988 and 1996. Most of this amendments caused significant coverage areas of the act. Most of the programs under RCRA have been designed to offer risk-free handling of hazardous as well as non-hazardous wastes. This paper seeks to offer a detailed discussion on the history, coverage, current status and shortcomings of the Resource Conservation and Recovery act. At the end, it will make an attempt to provide some solutions to the problems associated with RCRA. (Dennison, 1993). History of RCRA Earlier, state and local governments use to assume the responsibilities of regulating solid wastes generated by households and industries. Particularly, .before 1965, there was no such regulatory authority for that could handle the issues relating to solid wastes. During this time, most of the solid wastes were deposited through the method of open dumping. This kind of open dumping had not at all been environment friendly. In 1965, the Solid Waste Disposal act was enacted to deal with waste disposal methods. It started to look for environment friendly options of waste disposals. In order to reduce negative impacts of open dumping of wastes, it provided financial aids to local and state governments to appropriate waste disposal methods. In 1970, the Solid Waste disposal Act was amended to become the Resource Recovery Act and then in 1976, it was further amended to form the Resour ce Conservation and Recovery Act. (Dennison, 1993). The goal behind the enactment of RCRA was to eliminate all the remaining loopholes in environmental regulations with respect to disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes on land. Through the enactment of this act along with the subsequent amendments, federal government tried to address a set of requirements. First of all, through this act the government placed its focus on the importance of systematic management of households and industrial wastes. Second, the government made an attempt to recognize the requirement of special arrangements in dealing with wastes of hazardous nature. Finally, the act took into account a number of provisions for encouraging conservation of resources as well as their reuse or recycling. (Teets et al, 2003) Coverage of RCRA RCRA comprises of four different types of programs in order to implement the goals that as set up at the time of its initiation and subsequent amendments. The first program has been designed for encouraging states to build and promote plans for managing household non hazardous wastes. The second program has been directed towards setting up of a ‘cradle to grave’ mechanism in order to monitor and control the deposition of hazardous non-household wastes. The third program has been introduced to regulate storage in underground tanks with the help of a program known as the Underground storage Tank program. The fourth

UNIT 1 EXERCISE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 1 EXERCISE - Assignment Example Sometimes, when I have to study and write a paper I visit a nearby coffee shop to keep my mind from stressing out. 1. Discover the type of procrastination: There are four basic types of procrastination styles. Dreamers have big plans but they seldom work to translate them into specific plans, let alone realize the dream. Worriers focus on worst-case scenarios and move away from their objectives instead of focusing on the main idea. They are problem- oriented rather than solution finders. Defiers resist new tasks or may even take new tasks up but don’t follow them through till the end. The plans never materialize and are dropped half-way through. Overdoers create extra work for themselves and then run out of steam. This makes them drop their projects ultimately. Perfectionists don’t start projects for fear of making mistakes or failure. Discovering individual styles makes one change behavior easily. Worriers need to focus on positives as well and keep focus of the project. Defiers need to take up new tasks and see them through the end. Perfectionists need to lower their standards and accept that mistakes will be a learning experience. 2. Trick the mind into starting a project: Believing and ranting that I will not start a book or a write-up or study can work as long as the mind believes it to be true in actuality. Once a task is started the momentum and interest of the task is enough to carry a person through the task to the end. 3. Think ahead: Procrastination can be put off if a calendar is maintained. Whether one is accustomed to work under pressure or not, maintaining a calendar always minimizes the last minute haphazardness. I could use up the commuting time for study by making a CD of my notes and listening to them while I travel. I would also like less social commitments which will free up my time for study. This can be accomplished by partying twice a month, having in-house

Importance of College Essay Example for Free

Importance of College Essay When I think of my college search, I think of a lot of stress and a lot of time. It was a very stressful time in my life and put a lot of pressure on me to get into a good school. Education is the most important part of one’s life. Not everyone goes to college right after high school, and college is not intended for everyone. For example, some people decide to work right after high school rather than go straight into college. College is quite expensive, and some may even say it is hard. However, college is not a bad thing. It has many good qualities. For instance, college is a time where students can venture out and meet new people. I knew without a college degree I would probably be going nowhere in my life. So, I decided to go to college. There were many reasons backing my decision to go to college: I wanted to make a better life for myself. I waneted to find a job where I would not be living paycheck to paycheck, like my parents have had to. I wanted to encounter things that I never realized could even exist, and to take classes taught by passionate instructors. But most of all, I wanted to prove that I could be successful. I did not do the whole high school experience thing at all. During my four years in high school, I was antisocial, and spent most of my time at home. But now that I am in college, I can experience so many things that I skipped out in in high school. It was a huge dream of mine to have friends, to be social, and to really be a teenager (or a young adult). I am hoping by being in college, I will be able to experience that. Being at such a young age, I literally hold my future in my own two hands, just as my other peers do. What I decided to do now with my life is what will affect my future, my familys future, and the outcome of my life. Without a good head start on life, I dont see any possible way for me to truly succeed. This can be compared to how one would construct a building. If you build a foundation out of sand and sticks, and try to build a skyscraper, the entire structure will topple. But, if you start with a solid foundation, such as cement, you can build a mighty tower. In the same sense, should I make something of myself while I am young, I will be able to continuously flourish throughout my lifetime. If I am able to do that, then I will have succeeded in my own eyes. After high school, many people do not consider going to college. But not going to college was not an option for me. My parents never went to college, and watching them struggle to make ends meet was awful. I just knew that I did not want to be in their situation.. Therefore, I do not want to live my life, paycheck to paycheck, and worrying about whether or not I am going to have enough money to pay to keep a roof over my head. The reason for going to college is that I wanted to have a better life. Not everyone can go to college to better themselves, but I am lucky, and truly blessed that I am getting a opportunity to better myself. In fact, college is extremely important to me. I am the first one in my immediate family to go to college so it is a big deal to everyone that I not just go, but to also graduate. Being in college, and getting a degree in whatever my heart desires, will open up so many doors for me. It would help me get a job that I not only like, but one that I look forward to going to everyday, and one that will make me feel like I am actually accomplishing something with my life. College is going to be a great thing for me, not just because it says â€Å"Oh look at me, I went to college†, but because I am doing something to make myself become a better person. My dream for my life in the next ten years is simple; to be happy and successful. I’m sure there are a lot of people who want to be successful in their life, but I don’t need to be making tons of money to be happy. I want to be happy with my job/career, and be able to support my family and I. My family had a big part in my choice of going to this school in particular. I didn’t have any ideas of what I wanted to do with my life or what kind of job I wanted. That was my major reason for coming to college; to figure out my life for the future. I would want my peers and teacher to remember me how I am today. I like to believe I am a nice, outgoing, and very open person. Someone you could come to for help and be able to talk to, or someone to make you laugh when you need a laugh. I was raised to treat everybody with respect and kindness, and I want to be remembered in that way. For people who have already finished high school, one of the choices they will have to make is whether to continue to higher education, which means going to college, or to start working and planning their life right away. Different people will have different choices of their own, but for me, I think there are a couple of reasons why I should attend college. I decided to go to college to get a bachelor’s degree in restaraunt management. A college degree will make me more competitive in the job market, and give me a better opportunity to receive a higher paying job. In order to maintain and promote your position at a company, you must have the knowledge and experiences that come from attending college. A person with a bachelor’s degree will earn, on average, almost twice as much as workers with a high school diploma. People with a master’s degree can earn up to $31,900 more per year than a high school graduate. And those who attend a two year college are able to earn up to $250,000 more than someone who does not. Going to college not only helps me better my life, but it also gives me a wider range of job opportunites. In todays society, more and more jobs are requiring that you have more than just a high school education. Attending college will help me gain skills that I will use in the workplace. In the past, workers were required to do very simple tasks which didnt require complicated skills. but, a`s time passed, these kinds of simple tasks have been replaced by machines. Therefore, large corporations and even small  companies want a person who is capable of completing somewhat more sophisticated jobs, the skills for which can be obtained from a college education. Also, taking college courses in English will help me improve my reading and writing skills, which are essential for any job. So, college is the best place to increase my knowledge and skills before I move on to the real world. College is important to me. I am the 1st one in my immediate family to go to college so it’s a big deal to everyone. So far, I love college, it has been a great thing for me, and I know in the end, it will really pay off, and turn me into someone that I want to be.

Impact Of Tourism On The UAE Economy

Impact Of Tourism On The UAE Economy Introduction Tourism, a very advance and complicated sector, is still very difficult to express. The tourism sector of any country can never be measured easily. Many countries which do not have much foreign goods exchange from their country rely on their tourism income. Even small countries like Singapore and Malaysia are having more than half of their income coming from tourism sector. These are those counties which are growing only because of their tourism income. Impact of Tourism over the Economy of a Country The overall economic growth of a country depends upon two things viz. foreign exchange and internal rising income. Among these two, the foreign exchange contributes to approximately 60% of the increase in revenue of the country. Tourism is a part of foreign exchange where the country earns from the incoming and outgoing tourists. It plays a vital role in economic growth of any country. In most of the countries tourism has become their main source of foreign income. A number of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries contribute to about 65% of tourism activity. Countries like France, Germany and Australia comes under OECD member list. The WTO (World Tourism Organization) reports that about 700 million people traveled to a foreign country in 2000, spending over US$ 480 billion while on the tour.  (UAE tourism, 2010) Positive and Negative aspects of Tourism Income Of course every market issue comes with a good point and a bad point. The positive point of tourism is that it helps in growing the economy of the country and it increases the value of the country in the world market. It also increases employment opportunities and improves the socio-cultural level of the local mass. The local products reach a good amount value and are commercialized over the world market. But the coin has two sides. The negative side of the coin i.e. the negative points of tourism includes spoiling of the historical and antique monuments of the country. It also contributes to the increase in terrorism. It can also lead to information leakage of the classified documents which can cause some country to easily ground them. No one can ever say to what extent tourism can lead a country to. Adding to which, on increasing tourism there is a loss to the environmental aspects that is, it results in raising the consumption of ground, water and energy which ultimately leads to destruction of land and environment. The tourists knowingly or unknowingly spoil the cleanliness of some other place. There is an imbalance in the ecosystem and leads to species getting endangered. In the worst cases tourism can also add to an increase in the prostitution business (sexual tourism). Moreover the narcotics market is also flourishing through tourism. It has been observed that most of the youth are getting drugs from the outside mass coming to their country. What attracts a tourist? As far as the cultural issues are concerned tourism helps in advancing the cultural aspects of any country to the whole world. Most of the tourists going from one country to another are very much inspired from the cultural outlook of other country. Everyone needs a change, needs a place to go and chill, so they prefer travelling to other country and enjoying the essence of their culture and their way of living. So this is also a route through which the tourism sector can flourish. Beside the cultural trait the thing that attracts a tourist to go and visit another country is their history. They say, it is the history of a country that affects its future, well this statement is completely right reflecting the reason why tourist want to visit some other country. People like to visit Egypt to see their historical Pyramids and their famous stories of Mummies. Similarly the seven wonders of the world are visited regularly by thousands of people from different parts of the world. Most of the time people visit other country just for leisure. (UAE tourism, 2010) Race between countries over tourist income Seeing the overwhelming tourist coming to a country, every country wants to increase their own share of tourism income and it is quite obvious. To attract more and more tourist, people includes different tourism packages just to increase their income. They are willing to cut down their own food just to give them their share of food and that too not in good sense but only to have better income. Special privileges are given to tourist like some of the specific tourist spots are given much attention by the government. This helps them to have a better show off on their income masses. UAE, the most attractive tourist spot The UAE has strengthened its position in the tourism sector by offering a wide range of leisure and sports activity. This is the main point of attraction in UAE. There is no question that UAE is one of the most attractive and most visited country in the whole world. Beside the economic income from the oil business the government does not completely rely on its income from it and it has led them to put more emphasis on making several multi-billion and huge projects in both public as well as private sectors. These have led to attract many tourists from different parts of the world. According to a report from the WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council) it is estimated that by the 2015 tourism in UAE would increase by about 7% from todays data. On the increasing accounts of Dubais expensive projects this percentage can even go higher. These include projects such as the Palms in Dubai, Burj Khalifa, the Waterfront and the Marina. Dubai has been known for its fabulous ethnicity and hospitality. It has been one of the most favorite places with respect to tourist invasion. It has become a worldwide travel and business destination. According to files Dubai has attracted over 5 million tourists from all over the world to visit its great architecture. A wide range of hotels and beach side resorts have made it comfortable for the tourist to stay in Dubai. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that tourism is a sector which has major impact on economy of any country. Factor of being a favorite tourist place can vary country to country. Dubai is one of the favorite tourist places. Tourism also associates some negative factors also. (UAE tourism, 2010)

Illegal Immigrants From Mexico to US

Illegal Immigrants From Mexico to US Nowadays, illegal immigration continues to be a disputable and divisive issue, not only in the United States, but throughout the whole world. The migration of Mexicans into the United States is one of the key problems throughout the history of bilateral cooperation of Mexico and the United States. In this case, the speech is goes not about a legal entry into the country, which in one or another way can be planned and regulated by the U.S. authorities, but about a mass migration of illegal Mexicans which not easy to constrain. Thus, it is necessary to discuss the problem of illegal immigration from Mexico in U.S. and understand its main reasons through the prism of contemporary reality. First of all it is necessary to define the term illegal immigration, because it will be the most widely used term in our paper. According to Camarota, Illegal immigration (also referred to unauthorized or undocumented immigrants) refers to the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destined country. (Camarota, 2001). Also Sarmiento stated that By definition, illegal immigration arises from a divergence between whom the United States will accept as an immigrant and the desire of some foreign nationals to live and work in this country. Illegal immigration is as old as U.S. immigration law With changes in U.S. immigration law and economic and political conditions in the United States and other countries, the nature and characteristics of illegal immigration have also changed. (Sarmiento, 2002). In such a way, people who are residing in a country illegally are known as illegal immigrants. In addition to this term, we should mention that an individual who is residing in a country in illegal way could also be known as an illegal alien, illegal migrant, undocumented immigrant, undocumented alien, unauthorized migrant or undocumented worker. In this case there are almost as many titles as there are commentators and that is why illegal immigrants contain a vast category of people. Like any social phenomenon, illegal immigration is not taken out of nowhere. It has its reasons which affect the underlying mechanisms of our society. Observing the problem of illegal immigration from Mexico to the United States we see that through the last several decades, the Mexican economy experienced substantial changes associated with the transition to neo-liberal path of development and strengthening of regional integration processes. According to the pace of development the country has become one of the most successful developing countries in the world and took key positions in Latin America. This information raises the question, whether these changes are reflected in migration flows between Mexico and the United States, which in its scale ranks the first place in the world. Migration of Mexican workers in the U.S. is, in fact, a natural result of close cooperation between the two countries with different levels of economic development. Significant difference in living standards and wages is a major factor in migration from Mexico to the United States. In addition, the proximity of the two countries is an additional incentive in this process. The length of the common border is 3,3 thousand km, most of which passes through the rather narrow river Rio Grande. Analyzing the problem of illegal immigration through the prism of historical context we can found rather interesting information. It is a well-known fact that the migration of Mexicans in the United States has its origins in the late XIX century, when the development of agriculture, mining, light industry, construction of railways in the south of the U.S. required an additional influx of cheap labor from other countries. In the period between 1850-1880 something about 55,000 Mexicans immigrated in the U.S. with the purpose to find a good job there. Discussing the next historical period, or it will be better to say during the World War I, the flow of Mexicans in the U.S. has increased in several times. Mexicans compensated the lack of American labor and became the main working force in the southern states economy sector of the northern neighbor. In this case, some of them (immigrants from Mexico) were in the U.S. illegally. Then the status of illegal immigrants has not yet been officially established, and the Americans considered them fugitives from Mexico. In 1924, was created the first in the southern U.S. Border Patrol, which was used to control illegal border crossings, and Mexican fugitives officially acquired the status of illegal immigrants. According to historical documents the U.S. borders were not always closed for immigrants and into the acknowledgement of this fact will be written this paragraph. As it was previously stated in 30-ies years of XX century, during the deep depression in the U.S., access to Mexicans in the country was severely restricted. Legal immigrant visas were practically not given almost as illegal immigrants were deported from the country under threat of prison. However, this period lasted not long, until the World War II began. Lack of the U.S. farm workers in the fields of one of the fastest growing economic areas in the U.S. again forced the ruling circles of the United States to open its border for Mexicans. In 1942-1964 during the term of special immigration program, the seasonal influx of Mexican workers was more than 4.6 million people, many of whom remained in the United States for permanent residence. It is necessary to emphasize that they helped to create a social infrastructure for the further influx of immigrants from Mexico in many ways. In 1970-80 years, the inflow of legal immigrants from Mexico amounted to 50-60 thousand people per annum, and illegal immigration has reached 1,5 million people per annum in its turn. However, it should be borne in mind that 90% of illegal immigrants performed seasonal work in the U.S. and after a certain period of time returned back to Mexico. During that period, on the average 20% of Mexicos population depended on the funds earned by migrants and remittances to the country, the volume of which ranged from $1,5-2 billion per annum. (Wong, 2006). In the early 1980s, during the financial crisis, the Mexican economy influx of illegal immigrants from Mexico to the United States for permanent residence greatly increased. While in 1980 the total U.S. population consisted of 2,5-3,5 million illegal immigrants, in 1986 their number amounted to 3,5-5 million. Meanwhile, the bulk of illegal immigrants were exactly immigrants from Mexico. Illegal immigrants were basically referred to the poor and they went to take any risk in order to reach the United States. Some of them join the ranks of criminals, drug and arms traffickers. Others have labored day and night in the fields of California for paltry wages, the size of which still exceeded the cost of labor in Mexico. Measures aimed to toughen immigration regime adopted in the U.S. in the late 1970s during the presidency of J. Carter (in particular, in some parts of the U.S.-Mexican border were erected barbed wire barricades, were adopted laws with an aim to infringe the rights of illegal immigrants and their children) were unable to deliver an effective barrier against illegal immigration, but only caused a worsening of relations on intergovernmental level. Moreover, in several years with an aim to additionally tighten control over illegal immigration was banned the process of illegal workers hiring, and employers who were going to violate this law knew about existed s anctions and set fines of 250 to 10 thousand dollars. However, despite the extra-taken measures, the influx of illegal immigrants from Mexico did not significantly declined. The situation with the control of illegal immigration from Mexico remains highly controversial, since affects the interests of different parties, especially the central government and local employers. On the one hand, the U.S. authorities made considerable efforts to curb illegal immigration. In addition, to strengthening border controls the U.S. government instituted a system of heavy fines from U.S. employers for the employment of illegal immigrants, abolish the right of free emergency medical and food aid, even for children of illegal immigrants, and also has established a deportation from the country. (Trevino, 1998). On the other hand, control of illegal immigration remains the weakest and least effective part of the migration policy. Seasonal agricultural workers from Mexico are the main labor force in the fields of California, Oregon. Therefore, in those moments when the central authorities in the U.S. are trying to toughen the migration regime and in the first place to restrict illegal immigration, authorities in these states often express open dissent and demand to weaken border controls. Currently, the problem of illegal immigration requires new constructive approaches and is closely linked to the control of legal immigration. On the one hand, the tightening of immigration controls and reducing quotas naturally stimulates the flow of illegal immigrants in the U.S., so at the present stage of bilateral cooperation is necessary to achieve a certain compromise on immigration policy. On the other hand, living relatives in the U.S. is a magnet for many Mexicans, so the U.S. government should draw a special attention to this aspect of the question. In this case, the speech is goes not about the closest relatives, which according to the U.S. law have the right to family reunification. In this situation the question refers to distant relatives or friends who help illegal immigrants and, thus, stimulate the process of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants have many problems in America and their problems sometimes become the main problem even for legal immigrants. Why is it so? The answer is rather simple and deals with existed stereotypes, because immigrants considered to be the people of other sort and native Americans dont want to respect them. Also among the answers on the questions asked above we could define Blondells words, who said that the poll results among immigrants who are already in the United States show a widespread feeling that the current immigration chaos is unfair to the millions who entered the country legally. There are hundreds of thousands each year who are eager to assimilate. There is the sense that fairness to those who have abided by the law requires that they be given priority over those who violate the law. This lends itself to the view that state and local cooperation with federal efforts should be mandatory because the problem of chaotic illegal immigration is harmful to both native an d naturalized citizens in so many ways. (Blondell, 2008). Discussing the main problems that illegal immigration causes to the United States we see the following among the most notable of them: Glut of market with the cheap labor, reduction in wages because of the competition from the side of immigrants willing to work sometimes for a pittance, the increase of unemployment. The rise of crime, because illegal immigrants often work for a small salary and are on the other side of the law, in particular, a significant part of drugs trafficking and trafficking deadly poison in the country is carried out by people from dangerous countries that are at the group of risk. Overpopulation of the residential areas occupied by illegal immigrants, unsanitary conditions, threatening virtuous citizens. This, in turn, leads to resentment of the indigenous population forced to live in close proximity to clusters of immigrants. The destruction of families as migrant workers have a very long time been away from their families. The economic burden to the taxpayers, because they have to spend money on the health care of immigrants, even banal deportation costs money. At the same time, illegal migrants and their employers do not pay taxes to the budget. (Wong, 2006). The question of illegal immigration is connected with different legends and stories, and different surprising facts also have a place among them. One surprising fact is connected with actions of the Samaritan Patrol. The above mentioned Samaritan Patrol (Patrullaje Samaritano), whose members drive their off-road vehicles across the desert, searching there for illegal immigrants who might need an urgent medical aid. Mexicans know that when they saw a car marked Samaritan Patrol with a green cross, they will be given food, water, transportation to a medical hospital at their request, and if they want to go home the connection with the border patrol. The existence of such organization certainly raises a lot of controversy, and Border Patrol is constantly checks if there is a very big help to those who violate the law. The protests come also from the hospitals that are overcrowded by illegal aliens, who can not pay for own treatment and who are the ballast for American taxpayers. (Porte r, 2006). Haines Rosenblum said that As stated previously, there are an increasing number of security measures that have been implemented at and around the Mexico-U.S. border. As a result, it has become more difficult to illegally cross the border. As such, the assistance of coyotes is in high demand. The fees for a coyote easily run into the thousands per individual. Many illegal immigrants save up money or borrow money to cover this fee. Once a Mexican immigrant successfully crosses the border into the United States, they generally have two main goals. Their first aim is to send part of their earnings back home to their family and their second goal is to bring more family members to the United States. Eventually they hope to gain permanent residency (green card) and possibly U.S. citizenship status. (Haines Rosenblum, 1999). The next surprising fact is a special wall in the desert that aimed to stop illegal immigrants from Mexico. The influx of poor, uneducated and willing to work for meager wages illegal immigrants, as expected, has caused quite a backlash in American society, demanding politicians to stop, or at least to take under the control increased volumes of Mexican immigration. However, the defeat over illegal immigration is almost impossible and taking into account previous attempts to do it, the likely effectiveness of future borders and walls also in doubt. By the way, Mexican and U.S. scientists warn that the construction of the line of solid barriers may result in ecological disaster in the vast desert areas with a total area of over 100 thousand square kilometers at the junction of the states of Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona (USA), where the biosphere wildlife preserves were declared the heritage of mankind by UNESCO. Scientists stated that the desert is associated with a lifeless space only in the representation of the ignorant people. In fact, we are talking about very unique and fragile natural systems with unique flora and fauna. In biosphere wildlife preserves remain rare species of cacti and relic plants and wildlife is adapted to life in extreme conditions of arid desert. That is why extreme natural desert conditions explain the fragility of its ecosystems, where life and survival are synonymous. Measuring the amount of people who lost their lives in the search of better life on the border between Mexico and America, we see that the situation on the US-Mexican border is so does not fit in the universal notions of good and evil that even the Catholic Church could not stay aside the illegal immigration question. One day representatives of Mexican and American churches song an unusual collaboration, frontier Mass in memory of those who died trying to find a better life crossing the border illegally. According to Delaet we also see that Not all illegal aliens are crossing into the United States to find work. Law enforcement officials indicate that there are individuals coming across the border who are forced to leave their home countries because of criminal activities. These dangerous criminals are fleeing the law in other countries and seeking refuge in the United States. (Delaet, 2000). Thus, it shows that criminal atmosphere in immigrants circles are increased. Unfortunately, violence against immigrants is not something new for the U.S. In recent years, those who enter American territory illegally, more than ever, are at the mercy of sadistic inhuman smugglers, and many die even before they enter the United States. Others that used to repay a debt to smugglers become slaves and subjects of extortion, forced to prostitution and hard work through the fraud of their own countrymen. Thefts are also prevalent crimes in the immigrant environment. Often robbers guessing about the sta tus of illegal residents concluded that these people have no bank accounts in the U.S., and hence a lot of cash might be finding in their pockets. But these crimes on their scale are still far from illegal activities involving drugs. Many Mexicans choose not only to cross the border or transfer own family, but at the same time smuggle drugs. And drugs are always in conjunction with the crime, and smuggling leads only to more weapons, death and violence in the border with the U.S. cities where people are forced to pay with their lives for the increasing demand for powder for the residents of the neighboring state. And it is very difficult to stop this flow of death. According to this fact National Drug Intelligence Center Drug Enforcement Administration demonstrated that The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration reports that the Mexican drug syndicates operating today along our Nations Southwest border are far more sophisticated and dangerous than any of the other organized criminal groups in Americas law enforcement history. Indeed, these powerful drug cartels, and the human smuggling networks and gangs they leverage, have immense control over the routes into the United States and continue to pose formidable chal lenges to our efforts to secure the Southwest border. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The cartels operate along the border with military grade weapons, technology and intelligence and their own respective paramilitary enforcers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This new breed of cartel is not only more violent, powerful and well financed, it is also deeply engaged in intelligence collection on both sides of the border. (National Drug Intelligence Center Drug Enforcement Administration, 2003). Thus, summarizing the above stated information it becomes evident that immigration from Mexico is a complex and multifaceted process. The majority of illegal border crossings have a place due to the fact that people simply want to earn extra money, and many of them did not want to stay in the U.S. permanently. However, higher wages are a magnet, and there are also a lot of people who would like to make the United States the place of own permanent residence. An effort to develop the Mexican economy has been taken with an aim to stop illegal immigration (this effort is a very good idea if the government would be able to bring it up to the end. But it is extremely difficult to do, realistically, in the scale at which it needs to be done with an aim to substantially decrease illegal immigration level). It is impossible to think about the issue of illegal immigration from two prefabricated sides to increase the possibility of legal entry into the United States, or to increase security at borders. It is so, because the problem is complex and serious and requires comprehensive approach to its solution. That is, in general, the picture of contemporary reality in the context of the problem of illegal immigration, our point of view on its causes, solutions and alternatives to the status quo. Thus, taking into account all the information discussed above it is possible to come to the conclusion that illegal immigration is a crime, but illegal immigrants need help and only right laws can help them to leave shadow and become visible. However, it does not mean that we should turn away from the current needs of this part of the social order, but on the contrary, we must look closely at the trends within it. Many politicians strongly believe that the answer must be found in the socio-political movement of the order itself, which we consider.

American Public Policy in the Fifties: The Development of Dilemmas Ess

American Public Policy in the Fifties: The Development of Dilemmas During the 1950s, Eisenhower simultaneously developed public policy through control of military commitments abroad; for the individual, the ironic combination of consumer freedom, repressive social structures, and civil rights expansion; a protectionist stance on the economy coupled with a cautionary rejection of increased domestic spending; and the suffocation of political dissent with the blanket of patriotism. The 1950s serves as a point of restrictive reference, justifying its significance for past and future public policy. Irreversibly changing American foreign policy between 1948 and 1951, the American government escalated its size, scale, and scope abroad, building friendships but also making enemies, intending to defeat the spread of Stalinist Communism across Eastern Europe and Asia and defending democratized freedom and prosperity. Out of the World War II economic boom at home, the United States supplemented the struggling financial structure of postwar Europe with the 1948 Marshall Plan. In addition, United States policy introduced the American military as an international police power, sponsoring militarization in â€Å"forty-seven nations and led American forces to build or occupy 675 overseas bases and station and station a million troops overseas† (Johnson 443). President Harry S. Truman escorted the United States into the 1950s by involving them in the Korean War. Wishing to commit military forces, he bypassed the United Nations Security Council and the approval of Congress to eng age in the conflict between North and South Korea. Elected on a peace platform in 1952, Dwight D. Eisenhower ended the Korean War by â€Å"breaking the armistice deadl... ... for society inevitably adjusts; what solutions seemed to last, for all great visions eventually fade; and what worked once, for it may never work again. Works Cited Ehrenhalt, Alan. â€Å"Learning from the Fifties.† The Wilson Quarterly. Summer, 1995. Hoffer, Eric. Harper Perennial, 1951. Johnson, Paul. Modern Times. Harper Collins, 1991. Johnson, Paul. â€Å"U.N. Get Out of New York!† Forbes.com. 2 February 2004. 3 March 2004 http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2004/0202/029_print.html. Murray, Charles. â€Å"Losing Ground.† Basic, 1984. Siegel, Fred. The Future Once Happened Here. Free Press, 1997. Sowell, Thomas. â€Å"The Vision of the Anointed.† Basic, 1995. U.S. Department of Defense, The National Security Strategy of the United States of America. September 2002. U.S. Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review. September 30, 2001.

White Attitudes Towards Nature Essay -- Racial Relations, Indian, Whit

In Luther Standing Bear’s â€Å"Nature† and Louis Owens’s â€Å"The American Indian Wilderness†, the authors dictate differences in Indian and white relationships with nature. They stress how Indians see nature, their balanced relationship with it, and how Indians know wilderness is just a European idea. Though agreeing here, Standing Bear focuses on how Indians truly lived while Owens reveals more of both sides and has hope that white views can shift. Standing Bear thinks the difference in how whites and Indians see nature stems from childhood. He believes Indian children are aware of nature because they have been taught to â€Å"become conscious of life† and spend time observing the wild around them (9). By seeing the world this way, their love and respect for it flourishes (10). He says this appreciation sharply contrasts to ignorant whites who thoughtlessly play as children, ignoring everything but each other, and grow up disregarding the knowledge nature gives, seeing only what they can use. He thinks whites are bored with nature because they do not have the â€Å"Indian point of view† (11). The distance whites have from nature harms their relationship with it and humans, making them less compassionate when they do not see â€Å"man’s heart, away from nature, becomes hard† (Standing Bear 12). Similarly, Owens says whites see nature differently because of childhood experiences. Instead of growing up daily in nature, white children sporadically go camping, and thus view nature as a tourist attraction instead of a second home. He states Indians embrace nature because it has a stronger family significance to them that whites do not see. Indians call the Cascades the â€Å"Great Mother† because of stories they have heard growing up, and things like this ca... ...s have led him to think whites will never change and that the two races â€Å"[can] not understand each other† (12). On the other hand, Owens has hope for whites because he did not grow up with Indian traditions and he witnessed the U.S. Forest Service protecting nature when he was sent to burn the shed. (11). Indians comprehend and value nature more than whites and these authors recognize that. They believe the trouble with white attitudes is they do not truly see nature or form harmonious relationships, and whites think they can be separated from their idea of wilderness. Although Standing Bear is critical of whites and believes they will never change, Owens thinks they will if they continue to redefine how they view nature and try to connect with it. Overall, both authors want whites to respect the Indian way of living with nature and aspire to be that way also.

Assess the view that, in today’s society, the family losing it’s functions?

There are many sociologists who have many different views on the family and the functions that they require. For example, George Murdock and Talcott Parsons who are functionalists. The warm bath theory and feminists.A famous sociologist who looked at the family is Murdock; he thought that the nuclear family was universal. He came to believe that the family had four main functions; economic – the family pool their resources and share financial responsibility, sexual – a male and female relationship that is socially accepted within society, reproduction – spouses reproduce and have children, educational – the family learns the shared norms and values of society. This theory however has its critics, it is outdated and other structures within society, such as, banks, benefits, schools and adoption can take over to help the family perform its functions.Another functionalist is Parsons, he believed that families were to fulfil two basic irreducible functions; th e primary socialisation of children – this was important to Parsons because he thought that everyone should know the shared norms and values of society and a child begins to learn at a very young age at home. Without this there would be no consensus and without this a social life would not be possible as people would not know how to act and greet people in a respectable way. The second function is the stabilisation of adult personalities – unstable personalities can threaten the smooth-running and stability of society. Parsons believed that having a family can help support the adults and help them stay grounded.

Statistics Exercise 36 Answers

Exercise 36 Answers 1. Since the F value is significant, based on the p-value of 0. 005 which is less than 0. 05 which is sufficient to reject the null hypothesis. This suggests that there is a difference in the control and treatment groups. 2. Since the p- value is less than 0. 05 and therefor the null hypothesis can be rejected. This presents that the mean, difficulty and mobility scores, must be different 3. The result was statistically significant with a probability score of p < 0. 001. 4. Yes, because 0. 001 < 0. 01 and would still be significant. . The 0. 04 > 0. 01 would indicate that there is no statistical significance and except the null and conclude that there is no difference between the groups. 6. NOVA cannot be used to test proposed relationships or predicted correlations between variables in a single group. This is because ANOVA is tests relationships within various groups and among the groups. 7. The study had 149 subjects and 2 groups 8. The strength of the study whe re that they include a control group to test the dependent variable to examine the differences over time.The weakness of the study comes from the low number of subjects in the study. More subjects would have made the study more creditable. 9. The study results indicated a significant improvement in the pain scores of women with OA who received the treatment of guided imagery (F(1, 26) =4. 406, p = 0. 046). Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. But in my opinion I would have liked to have seen a larger number of subjects. Also, including the standard deviations for the treatment and control groups also are needed to calculate the effect size in the study.The effect size is needed to conduct a power analysis to predict the sample size needed for future studies. 10. Possible problems and limitation with the study is that the pain that leads to limited mobility and may lead to disability which can hinder them form taking the treatments. Also, with it being over such a long time span y ou have to worry about subjects stopping the treatment and with a low number of subjects this could alter the data drastically.

Educational Philosophy Essay

My approach to education is student-centered. I always try to ensure that students are given the best opportunities to build upon their existing knowledge and capacities. I believe that education is not only about knowledge-transfer but it is about transforming people and building their capabilities to make sense of their experiences and to be able to use higher order thinking skills so they can be better individuals and better citizens of society. Based on my experience as an educator, the principles that underlie my teaching are influenced by constructivist paradigms, which posit â€Å"that meaning or knowledge is actively constructed in the human mind. † (Richardson, 2003, p. 1625) Hence, education is not stagnant but a continuous process, and the role of the educator is to enable students to be able to establish a connection between theory and experience, to make sense of their realities and lived experiences based on what they learn from other settings, whether it is school, work, or even in their relationships with other people. I believe that a good teacher is one who makes effort to know his or her students, including their socio-economic backgrounds, and pays attention to the way that the students interact or create their own knowledge. In this sense, a good teacher is one who considers the learning needs of his/her students, who is able to adapt strategies that would build on students’ capacities and learning styles, and who ensures that students have equal access to learning opportunities by making teaching content relevant to the students’ unique backgound and context (UNESCO, 2004, p. 5). In the same manner, a good learner is one who attempts to discover his or her own learning style, strength, and weaknesses and tries his/her best to make his/her learning relevant and useful in his/her daily life. In learning settings, students and teachers have different responsibilities, both of which are defined by individual and social expectations. A teacher is expected to attempt to provide his/her students with learning opportunities based on their specific and oftentimes diverse needs. (UNESCO, 2004, p. 6) Meanwhile, a student is expected to be responsible for directing his or her own learning, and to develop his/her awareness of his/her learning needs in order to maximize the opportunities for learning that he/she encounters. I believe that people are actively involved in their learning. Learning results from individuals’ interaction with the environment and their attempt to make sense of these experiences. (Fry, Ketteridge, & Marshall, 2003, p. 9) Hence, people learn by building on what they already know and they are usually interested in learning when it has relevance for them. Among the most important environmental factors that influence an individual’s ability to learn are the quality of feedback, the availability of tools and mechanisms to support and facilitate learning, and the student’s quality of life or living conditions. Thus, the presence of appropriate feedback based on the students’ accomplishments, the ability of the teacher or the school to provide students with learning tools and opportunities, and the relevance of the education to the students’ cultural and socio-economic background would enable the students to maximize their own learning potentials. There are also personal and interpersonal factors that either promote or impede learning. One is an individual’s inherent capacity that is determined by his or her biological constitution or by genetics. Likewise, an individual’s personality, which affects his or her disposition toward the environment impacts on his or her ability to learn. Decisions on the goals of instruction are made based on the needs and expectations of the learners, the teaching setting, the needs of the organization, and the wider needs and expectations from the community. I try as much as possible to put the needs of the learners above other considerations. However, the goals of instruction also have to incorporate the teaching setting and the needs of other stakeholders such as the organization sponsoring the class and the needs of the community wherein the instruction takes place. The factors that influence my choice of teaching and evaluation strategies are the concrete needs of the students based on the evaluation of their performance and also their interests. I choose teaching strategies based on the interests and capacities of my students and on the goals of the instruction. Evaluation strategies are chosen based on their effectiveness, appropriateness, and ability to concretely measure student performance based on the goals of the instruction. Evaluating my own strengths as an educator, what makes me most proud in my practice is my ability to establish an easy rapport with my students and to easily identify their interests by taking time to know them personally. I would like to believe that I was able to influence most of them to look at life as a continuing journey towards knowing more about themselves and about their environment, and to value education not only in its formal sense but in its relevance in establishing meaning from experiences and realities. My educational philosophy and principles are demonstrated in my track record as an educator in the non-formal education system. As a teacher of adult classes in church, I was able to develop my own style of teaching that is grounded on the experience and realities of my students, and which considers the significance of what they learn from these classes on their daily lives. My stint as an instructor in the U. S. Army and my current employment as the Manager Instructor for FedEx, where I teach safe driving habits to adult drivers, also enable me to constantly hone my teaching skills based on the diversity of teaching settings and the kind of students I encounter. Works Cited: Fry, H. , Ketteridge, S. , & S. Marshall (2003). A handbook for teaching and learning in higher education. VA, USA: Kogan Page. Richardson, V. (2003). Constructivist pedagogy. Teachers College Record, 105(9):1623-1640. UNESCO (2004). Changing teaching practices: using curriculum differentiation to respond to students’ diversity. Paris, France: UNESCO.

Free Enterprise in United States

â€Å"Work hard, save your money, and you can become wealthy – or, at least, â€Å"independent! † This is the motto of old-fashioned, â€Å"free enterprise. † It expresses the idea that everybody in a capitalist society can participate and compete on the same terms with similar chances of success. It implies that the working class is just a collection of individuals who have not yet established their independence (worked their way up) through â€Å"individual initiative,† rather than a being permanent class. In the early 19th Century, most Americans (including Abraham Lincoln, for instance) believed this. They thought opportunities under capitalism would keep expanding forever. But what is the reality behind this capitalist thinking? In the past, working people in America have had more opportunity to go into business or to get land for farming than anywhere else in the developed world. At the time the U. S. Constitution was written, it was generally assumed that only property owners should have the right to vote and participate in government. The â€Å"Free Labor† thinking of the Republican Party before the Civil War was basically a form of the capitalist work ethic. It meant that if 1) you were free yourself; 2) your country was â€Å"free†; and, 3) there was no slave labor to take your livelihood, you could â€Å"make something of yourself,† and become a capitalist or, at least, an independent producer, professional or artist. Americans in the North at that time were influenced by this capitalist â€Å"work-ethic† to under-estimate the energy of the South. They thought (as the capitalist â€Å"work-ethic† would lead them to believe) that the poverty and economic decline of the South were probably due to laziness and that this indicated that the North should be able to easily defeat the South. But the Civil War proved that Southerners were not â€Å"lazy;† it was the slave system (lacking science and industry) that caused many of the economic problems there. The capitalist â€Å"work-ethic† also caused Northerners to overlook the only chance for real progress in the South during the â€Å"Reconstruction† — taking of the lands of former slave-owners, and their distribution to Blacks and poor Whites. They assumed, as did Abraham Lincoln, that anyone with ambition would simply work his way up. They could not understand that capitalism naturally limited opportunities, because the majority would have to be workers, not capitalists. With no land or other economic basis to start from, most workers in the South would have no way of lifting themselves from poverty. Strong competition with other capitalists, who are constantly trying to gain a larger market by offering a cheaper product, forces the beginner to keep putting everything back into his business. He must invest in more modern equipment in order to be able to produce more cheaply with higher quality, and on a larger scale. He must do this in order to improve his product or services, and also capture a larger share of the market, until he has reached a level where there is no immediate threat of being put out of business by his competition. This means having the most modern machinery and getting the most productivity out of his workers. This huge need for capital also forces the capitalist to rely more and more on third parties. Making the capitalist borrow from banks to keep his capitol at a safe amount. They simply hire employees to make all the management decisions, design and develop the product, etc. Free enterprise† thinking forgets that a worker has only his labor-power to sell in order to earn his living. He competes with other workers to sell his labor-power at the cheapest price. The average price of labor-power (the worker's wages) is the amount that it takes to â€Å"make ends meet† under the given social settings in a country. The laws of economics determine that if the worker works faster, he creates a cheaper product. But this eventually cheapens the amount which the capitalist must pay him in wages because there are always unemployed workers somewhere willing to work for the bare necessities. Working faster increases competition without increasing their earnings. Because of these realities, workers learn to â€Å"work smart† according to their own understanding. Working smart for the worker means withholding his labor power, working more slowly and learning the tricks of the trade, better known as bargaining. These things raise the price of his labor-power. This in turn forces the capitalist to concentrate more on improving productivity through better machinery and production processes in order to increase his profits.

Bob Ewell Essay Essay

Bob Ewell is a character in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Bob Ewell is the head of the Ewell family, a poor family who lives in the town dump. Bob Ewell has many children, but his wife is deceased. Bob Ewell’s racist attitude, fecklessness and vengefulness make him one of the most hated and wicked characters in the book. Bob Ewell is thought of as the most despicable man in all of Maycomb, except for its black residents, who the racists of the town think are worse than anyone else. Bob Ewell is one of these racists, and throughout the novel he shows that he thinks himself better than any black man. He shows his racist attitude many times at his trial. For example Bob Ewell does not refer to Tom Robinson by his name, instead he states â€Å"I seen that black nigger yonder ruttin’ on my Mayella!†. In addition to not calling him by name; he also uses language associated with animals, â€Å"ruttin† as well as later saying â€Å"I’ve asked this county for fifteen years to clean out that nest down yon- der, they’re dangerous to live around ‘sides devaluin’ my property-â€Å". In the previous quote Bob Ewell also shows he believes in the stereotype that all black men are criminals, and states his belief that they are devaluing his property more than the nearby dump. Finally, he tells Atticus â€Å" I’m real sorry they picked you to defend that nigger that raped my Mayella. I don’t know why I didn’t kill him myself instead of goin’ to the sheriff. That would have saved you and the sheriff and the taxpayers lots of trouble.†. He shows his racism here in that he believes that the law would be on his side against a black man no matter what happend, even if he had killed Tom. While it is clear that Bob Ewell was born into a poor and troubled family, he shows no ambition to improve his state of being. He is so lazy that he is known for being the only man to be fired from the WPA for laziness. Moreover, Ewell does not give his children an education, nor does he have one himself. He squanders all his government money buying alcohol, instead of using it to support his children. His fecklessness isn’t just laziness; he doesn’t like things being his problem. He blames beating his daughter on Tom Robinson, and he blames Atticus for taking advantage of him. Not only does he not like taking blame, but he also never confronts his problems head on. He would rather harass poor a woman than confront Atticus. In addition to being racist and feckless, Bob Ewell is a very vengeful person. There are many examples of him taking needless revenge on various other people. The first is Tom Robinson, If Ewell had come home to see his daughter seducing a black man, he could have let Tom go. However Bob Ewell accused Tom of raping her for revenge. Other examples of his vengefulness are his attempts to take revenge on those who took part in his trial. This starts with his confrontation with Atticus when he curses, spits on and threatens to him. While is his only confrontation his Atticus,. his vengeful nature is further shown by his willingness to harass a poor black woman (Helen Robinson), and to rob an old man (Judge Tailor). His final attempt at revenge is not against Atticus, but against his children. Bob Ewell decides to, instead of confronting Atticus directly, go after his children in an attempt to hurt Atticus emotionally. While Ewell does not succeed, it shows his willingness to do something as terrible and cowardly as to go after innocent children for petty revenge. If To Kill a Mockingbird had definite villains, Bob Ewell would be the main antagonist. His constant racism, helps to demonstrate and illustrate his other traits, as it allows him to have someone he is â€Å"better than† and someone to blame. His fecklessness is demonstrated by the fact that he makes no attempt to improve his life, or the lives of his children but instead forces his family to work hard while he drinks. In the end, it is shown that he is cowardly, vile and drunk enough to go after innocents to get revenge on a man for trying to give a fair trial to a black man.